Strider64

Saturday at 10:52 PM

You can always check to see if session is started:

<?php
// Include the configuration file and autoload file from the composer.
require_once __DIR__ . '/../config/clearwebconfig.php';
require_once "vendor/autoload.php";

// Import the ErrorHandler and Database classes from the PhotoTech namespace.
use clearwebconcepts\{
    ErrorHandler,
    Database,
    LoginRepository as Login
};

// Create an ErrorHandler instance
$errorHandler = new ErrorHandler();
// Set the exception handler to use the ErrorHandler instance
set_exception_handler([$errorHandler, 'handleException']);

// Create a Database instance and establish a connection
$database = new Database();
$pdo = $database->createPDO();
// Create a LoginRepository instance with the database connection
$login = new Login($pdo);
$checkStatus = new Login($pdo);

// Start session if not already started
if (session_status() == PHP_SESSION_NONE) {
    session_start();
}

// Redirect to dashboard if the user is already logged in
if ($login->check_login_token()) {
    header('Location: dashboard.php');
    exit();
}

// Generate a CSRF token if it doesn't exist and store it in the session
if (!isset($_SESSION['csrf_token'])) {
    $_SESSION['csrf_token'] = bin2hex(random_bytes(32));
}

// Detect environment
$isLocal = in_array($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], ['127.0.0.1', '::1']);
$cookieDomain = $isLocal ? '' : DOMAIN;
$cookieSecure = !$isLocal; // Set to true on remote server

// Process the login form submission
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
    // Check if the submitted CSRF token matches the one stored in the session
    if (hash_equals($_SESSION['csrf_token'], $_POST['csrf_token'])) {
        // Sanitize the username and password input
        $username = strip_tags($_POST['username']);
        $password = $_POST['password'];

        // Verify the user's credentials
        if ($login->verify_credentials($username, $password)) {
            // Generate a secure login token
            $token = bin2hex(random_bytes(32));
            // Store the login token in the database
            $login->store_token_in_database($_SESSION['user_id'], $token);

            // Set a secure cookie with the login token
            setcookie('login_token', $token, [
                'expires' => strtotime('+6 months'),
                'path' => '/',
                'domain' => $cookieDomain, // Adjusted for environment
                'secure' => $cookieSecure, // Adjusted for environment
                'httponly' => true,
                'samesite' => 'Lax'
            ]);

            // Store the login token in the session
            $_SESSION['login_token'] = $token;

            // Redirect the user to the dashboard
            header('Location: dashboard.php');
            exit;
        } else {
            // Log error message for invalid username or password
            $error = 'Invalid username or password';
            error_log("Login error: " . $error);
        }
    } else {
        // Display an error message
        $error = 'Invalid CSRF token';
        error_log("Login error: " . $error);
        $error = 'An error occurred. Please try again.';
    }
}

// Generate a random nonce value
$nonce = base64_encode(random_bytes(16));

?>

You can also make sessions persistent in your configuration and it's always best to start you session in your configuration file:

session_set_cookie_params([
    'lifetime' => strtotime('+6 months'),
    'path' => '/',
    'domain' => 'localhost',
    'secure' => false, // Since it's not HTTPS, set this to false
    'httponly' => true,
    'samesite' => 'Lax'
]);

session_start();
ob_start(); // turn on output buffering
if (empty($_SESSION['token'])) {
    try {
        $_SESSION['token'] = bin2hex(random_bytes(32));
    } catch (Exception $e) {
    }
}
if (preg_match('/\.js$/', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {
       return false; // Let the webserver handle JavaScript files
   }

April 7

I use Intervention using composer which is a very handy utility.

    // Load the image
    $image = Image::make($image_path);

    // Resize the image
    $image->resize(2048, 1365, function ($constraint) {
        $constraint->aspectRatio();
        $constraint->upsize();
    });

    // Save the new image
    $image->save($image_path, 100);

You can do other image manipulation with Intervention as well and pretty easily. I don't know if this is something you are looking for?

April 3

Yes, using fetch is easier in my opinion and here's an example of a page on my website (not the full code):

'use strict';

class ProductManager {
    constructor() {
        // DOM Elements
        this.category = document.querySelector('#category');
        this.container = document.querySelector('.main_manager_container');
        this.sidebar = document.querySelector('.sidebar_pages');
        this.lightbox = document.querySelector('.lightbox');



        // Pagination Configurations
        this.current_page = 1;
        this.per_page = 3;
        this.offset = 0;
        this.total_pages = 0;

        // Data fetched from the database
        this.database_data = {
            'category': 'images',
            'current_page': this.current_page,
            'per_page': this.per_page,
            'total_count': 0,
            'offset': this.offset
        };
        this.pages = [{}];

        // Binding `this` context to methods
        this.categoryUISuccess = this.categoryUISuccess.bind(this);
        this.paginationUISuccess = this.paginationUISuccess.bind(this);
        this.resetLinks = this.resetLinks.bind(this);
    }

    // Handle fetch errors
    handleErrors(response) {
        if (!response.ok) {
            throw (response.status + ' : ' + response.statusText);
        }
        return response;
    }

    // Update the UI upon successfully fetching gallery category data
    async categoryUISuccess(parsedData) {
        this.clearContainer();
        console.log('parsed data', parsedData);

        // Close the lightbox if it's open
        this.exitLightbox();

        parsedData.forEach((slide, index) => {
            this.createSlide(slide, index);
        });

        this.addImageListeners();
    }


    // Clear all child elements of the container
    clearContainer() {
        while (this.container.firstChild) {
            this.container.removeChild(this.container.firstChild);
        }
    }

    // Function to truncate text and add a "More..." link
    addReadMore(paragraph) {
        const fullText = paragraph.textContent;
        const truncatedText = fullText.slice(0, 300) + '...'; // Adjust the number of characters as needed
        const moreLink = document.createElement('span');
        moreLink.textContent = ' More...';
        //moreLink.style.color = 'blue';
        //moreLink.style.cursor = 'pointer';

        paragraph.textContent = truncatedText;
        paragraph.appendChild(moreLink);
        paragraph.dataset.fullText = fullText;

        moreLink.addEventListener('click', function() {
            if (paragraph.textContent.includes('...')) {
                paragraph.textContent = paragraph.dataset.fullText;
                moreLink.textContent = ' Less';
            } else {
                paragraph.textContent = truncatedText;
                paragraph.appendChild(moreLink);
            }
        });
    }

    equalizeArticleHeights() {
        const articles = document.querySelectorAll('.article');
        let maxHeight = 0;

        // Find the tallest article
        articles.forEach(article => {
            if (article.offsetHeight > maxHeight) {
                maxHeight = article.offsetHeight;
            }
        });

        // Set all articles to the height of the tallest one
        articles.forEach(article => {
            article.style.minHeight = `${maxHeight}px`;
        });
    }

    // Create individual gallery slides
    createSlide(slide) {
        const article = this.createElementWithClass('section', 'article');
        this.container.appendChild(article);

        const largeImage = this.createElementWithClass('a', 'largeImage');
        largeImage.href = "#";
        largeImage.setAttribute('data-image', slide.image_path);
        // Updated part: Attach event listener to largeImage
        largeImage.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            event.preventDefault(); // Prevent default anchor action
            this.handleImageClick(largeImage);
        });
        article.appendChild(largeImage);
        console.log('largeImage', largeImage);

        const image = this.createElement('img', {
            src: slide.thumb_path,
            alt: slide.content,
            loading: 'lazy',
            class: 'imageStyle'
        });
        largeImage.appendChild(image);
        const heading = this.createElementWithClassAndContent('h2', 'articleHeading', slide.heading);
        article.appendChild(heading);
        const paragraph = this.createElementWithClassAndContent('p', 'articleText', slide.content);
        article.appendChild(paragraph);
        // Truncate text and add "More..." link
        this.addReadMore(paragraph);
        this.equalizeArticleHeights();
    }
    // Utility function to create an HTML element with attributes
    createElement(tag, attributes = {}) {
        const element = document.createElement(tag);
        Object.entries(attributes).forEach(([key, value]) => {
            element.setAttribute(key, value);
        });
        return element;
    }
    createElementWithClass(tag, className) {
        const element = this.createElement(tag);
        element.className = className;
        return element;
    }
    createElementWithClassAndContent(tag, className, content) {
        const element = this.createElementWithClass(tag, className);
        element.textContent = content;
        return element;
    }
    // Add click event listeners to images to open in lightbox
    addImageListeners() {
        const images = document.querySelectorAll('img');
        images.forEach(image => {
            image.addEventListener('click', () => this.handleImageClick(image));
        });
    }

    // Add click event listener to lightbox to close it
    addLightboxListener() {
        this.lightbox.addEventListener('click', () => {
            this.exitLightbox();
        });
    }


// Updated handleImageClick to include title and content
    handleImageClick(anchor) {
        const largeImageUrl = anchor.getAttribute('data-image'); // Get large image URL
        const title = anchor.getAttribute('data-title'); // Assuming you add this attribute
        const content = anchor.getAttribute('data-content'); // Assuming you add this attribute

        // Clear and set up the lightbox
        this.lightbox.innerHTML = ''; // Clear previous content

        // Create and display the large image
        const largeImage = this.createElement('img', { src: largeImageUrl });
        largeImage.classList.add('lightbox-image');
        this.lightbox.appendChild(largeImage);

        // Create and append the title
        if (title) {
            const imageTitle = this.createElementWithClassAndContent('h2', 'lightbox-title', title);
            this.lightbox.appendChild(imageTitle);
        }

        // Create and append the content
        if (content) {
            const imageContent = this.createElementWithClassAndContent('p', 'lightbox-content', content);
            this.lightbox.appendChild(imageContent);
        }

        // Show the lightbox
        this.lightbox.style.display = 'block';
    }

    // Close the lightbox
    exitLightbox() {
        this.lightbox.style.display = 'none'; // Hide the lightbox
        this.lightbox.innerHTML = ''; // Clear the lightbox content
    }

    // Handle errors when fetching gallery category data fails
    categoryUIError(error) {
        console.log("Database Table did not load", error);
    }

    // Send a request to the server to fetch images
    async createImageRequest(url, succeed, fail) {
        try {
            const response = await fetch(url, {
                method: 'POST', // or 'PUT'
                body: JSON.stringify(this.database_data),
            });

            this.handleErrors(response);

            const data = await response.json();
            succeed(data);
        } catch (error) {
            fail(error);
        }
    }

    // Clear all pagination links
    resetLinks() {
        /* Remove Links For Screen (cleanup) */
        while (this.sidebar.firstChild) {
            this.sidebar.removeChild(this.sidebar.firstChild)
        }
    }

    // Update the UI with the received pagination data
    async paginationUISuccess(parsedData) {
        this.resetLinks();

        this.database_data.offset = await parsedData.offset;
        this.total_pages = Math.ceil(this.database_data.total_count / this.database_data.per_page);

        /* Create the Display Links and add an event listener */
        this.pages = [{}];
        /*
         * Creating the array of page object(s)
         */
        for (let x = 0; x < this.total_pages; x++) {
            this.pages[x] = {page: x + 1};
        }

        this.pages.forEach(link_page => {
            const links = document.createElement('div');
            links.className = 'links';
            this.sidebar.appendChild(links);
            /*
             * Add event listener for the links
             */
            links.addEventListener('click', () => {
                this.database_data.current_page = link_page.page;
                this.createRequest('portfolioPagination.php', this.paginationUISuccess, this.paginationUIError);
            });

            const pageText = document.createElement('p');
            pageText.className = 'linkStyle';
            pageText.id = 'page_' + link_page.page;
            pageText.textContent = link_page.page;
            links.appendChild(pageText);
            if (this.database_data.current_page === link_page.page) {
                links.style.backgroundColor = "#00b28d";
            }
        })

        await this.createImageRequest('portfolioGetImages.php', this.categoryUISuccess, this.categoryUIError);
    }


    // Handle errors when fetching pagination data fails
    paginationUIError(error) {
        console.log("Database Table did not load", error);
    }

    // Send a request to the server
    async createRequest(url, succeed, fail) {
        try {
            const response = await fetch(url, {
                method: 'POST', // or 'PUT'
                body: JSON.stringify(this.database_data),
            });

            this.handleErrors(response);

            const data = await response.json();
            //console.log('count', data);
            succeed(data);
        } catch (error) {
            fail(error);
        }
    }

    // Send a request to get the total number of images in a category
    async updateTotalCountAndPagination() {
        await this.createRequest('getTotalCount.php', this.totalCountUISuccess.bind(this), this.totalCountUIError.bind(this));
    }

    // Update the UI upon successfully fetching the total count
    totalCountUISuccess(parsedData) {
        this.database_data.total_count = parsedData.total_count;
        this.createRequest('portfolioPagination.php', this.paginationUISuccess.bind(this), this.paginationUIError.bind(this));
    }

    // Handle errors when fetching the total count fails
    totalCountUIError(error) {
        console.log("Database Table did not load", error);
    }

    // Add event listeners to DOM elements
    bindEvents() {
        this.category.addEventListener('change', () => {
            this.database_data.current_page = 1;
            this.database_data.category = this.category.value;
            this.updateTotalCountAndPagination();
        });

        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
            this.createRequest('portfolioPagination.php', this.paginationUISuccess.bind(this), this.paginationUIError.bind(this));
        });
    }

    // Initialization function
    init() {
        this.addLightboxListener();
        this.updateTotalCountAndPagination();
        this.bindEvents();
    }
}

const productManager = new ProductManager();
productManager.init();

and the main PHP file:

<?php
// Load the configuration settings and Composer's autoloader to manage dependencies.
require_once __DIR__ . '/../config/clearwebconfig.php';
require_once "vendor/autoload.php";

// Import necessary classes from the clearwebconcepts namespace for error handling, database interaction, and image management.
use clearwebconcepts\{
    ErrorHandler,
    Database,
    ImageContentManager,
};

// Create an instance of the ErrorHandler to handle exceptions throughout the script.
$errorHandler = new ErrorHandler();

// Register the custom exception handler to delegate exception handling to the ErrorHandler class.
set_exception_handler([$errorHandler, 'handleException']);

// Initialize a Database instance and create a PDO connection for database access.
$database = new Database();
$pdo = $database->createPDO();

// Placeholder for optional arguments that might be needed by the ImageContentManager.
$args = [];

// Create an instance of the ImageContentManager for managing image content in the specified portfolio gallery.
$gallery = new ImageContentManager($pdo, $args, 'portfolio');

// Initialize an empty array to hold input data parsed from the request body.
$database_data = [];

try {
    /*
     * Attempt to retrieve and decode JSON input from the HTTP request body.
     * JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR ensures a JsonException is thrown in case of any decoding issues.
     */
    $database_data = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
} catch (JsonException $e) {
    // Handle decoding errors silently; optional logging can be added here.
}

/*
 * Retrieve paginated image content from the ImageContentManager.
 * This method takes the number of items per page, the offset, the gallery type ('portfolio'),
 * and an optional category filter from the decoded input data.
 */
$send = $gallery->page(
    (int)$database_data['per_page'],
    (int)$database_data['offset'],
    'portfolio',
    $database_data['category']
);

// Output the resulting image data to the client in JSON format.
output($send);

/**
 * Outputs the given data as a JSON response with HTTP 200 status.
 *
 * @param mixed $output The data to be encoded and sent in the HTTP response body.
 */
function output($output): void
{
    http_response_code(200);
    try {
        // Encode the output data as JSON and send it to the client.
        echo json_encode($output, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
    } catch (JsonException) {
        // Fail silently on JSON encoding errors; optional error handling can be added here.
    }
}

and the page itself: https://www.clearwebconcepts.com/portfolio.php

February 24

I use a `session token` in a configuration file:

<?php
// Set error reporting level
error_reporting(E_ALL);

// Disable display of errors
ini_set('display_errors', '0');

// Enable error logging
ini_set('log_errors', '1');

// Set the path for the error log file
ini_set('error_log', __DIR__ . '/error_log/error_log_file.log');

session_set_cookie_params([
    'lifetime' => strtotime('+6 months'),
    'path' => '/',
    'domain' => 'localhost',
    'secure' => false, // Since it's not HTTPS, set this to false
    'httponly' => true,
    'samesite' => 'Lax'
]);

session_start();
ob_start(); // turn on output buffering
if (empty($_SESSION['token'])) {
    try {
        $_SESSION['token'] = bin2hex(random_bytes(32));
    } catch (Exception $e) {
    }
}

ini_set('memory_limit', '512M'); // Increase to 512MB

that way when someone logins in ->

// Process the login form submission
if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
    // Check if the submitted CSRF token matches the one stored in the session
    if (hash_equals($_SESSION['csrf_token'], $_POST['csrf_token'])) {
        // Sanitize the username and password input
        $username = strip_tags($_POST['username']);
        $password = $_POST['password'];

        // Verify the user's credentials
        if ($login->verify_credentials($username, $password)) {
            // Generate a secure login token
            $token = bin2hex(random_bytes(32));
            // Store the login token in the database
            $login->store_token_in_database($_SESSION['user_id'], $token);

            // Set a secure cookie with the login token
            setcookie('login_token', $token, [
                'expires' => strtotime('+6 months'),
                'path' => '/',
                'domain' => $cookieDomain, // Adjusted for environment
                'secure' => $cookieSecure, // Adjusted for environment
                'httponly' => true,
                'samesite' => 'Lax'
            ]);

            // Store the login token in the session
            $_SESSION['login_token'] = $token;

            // Redirect based on security level
            $securityLevel = $_SESSION['security_level'];

            if (in_array($securityLevel, ['admin','member','moderator', 'sysop'], true)) {
                header('Location: member.php');
            } else {
                // Fallback for unexpected security levels
                header('Location: index.php');
            }
            exit;
        } else {
            // Log error message for invalid username or password
            $error = 'Invalid username or password';
            error_log("Login error: " . $error);
        }
    } else {
        // Display an error message
        $error = 'Invalid CSRF token';
        error_log("Login error: " . $error);
        $error = 'An error occurred. Please try again.';
    }
}

// Generate a random nonce value
$nonce = base64_encode(random_bytes(16));

and here's my verification of the login credentials:

    public function verify_credentials($username, $password): bool
    {
        $sql = "SELECT id, password, security FROM {$this->table} WHERE username = :username LIMIT 1";
        $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);
        $stmt->execute(['username' => $username]);
        $user = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

        if ($user && password_verify($password, $user['password'])) {
            session_regenerate_id(true); // Prevent session fixation attacks
            $_SESSION['user_id'] = $user['id'];
            $_SESSION['security_level'] = $user['security']; // Store user's role
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

The only thing I put in session is the user's id and `security level` , plus logging out relatively easy:

logout.php

<?php
// Include the configuration file and autoload file from the composer.
require_once __DIR__ . '/../config/starlite_config.php';
require_once "vendor/autoload.php";

// Import the ErrorHandler and Database classes from the PhotoTech namespace.
use clearwebconcepts\{
    ErrorHandler,
    Database,
    LoginRepository as Login
};


$errorHandler = new ErrorHandler();
$database = new Database();

$pdo = $database->createPDO();

$loginRepository = new Login($pdo);

$loginRepository->logoff();

and the method (function):

    public function logoff(): void
    {
        if (isset($_COOKIE[session_name()])) {
            setcookie(session_name(), '', time() - 3600, '/');
        }

        if (isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) {
            $sql = "UPDATE {$this->table} SET token = NULL WHERE id = :id";
            $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);
            $stmt->execute(['id' => $_SESSION['user_id']]);
        }

        $_SESSION = [];
        session_destroy();
        header('Location: index.php');
        exit();
    }

This might give you some ideas or help a little? 🤷‍♂️

January 18

I've chosen to use PHPStorm as my development environment, and I've developed a unique approach to coding that doesn't rely on frameworks. Having never been a coffee drinker, I've always had to find alternative ways to stay focused, and I've found that my self-built class library allows me to work efficiently without the need for external frameworks. As I've grown older, I've come to realize that learning new frameworks may not be the best use of my time, especially considering my age and the competitive job market. Instead, I've decided to focus on solo projects, where I can leverage my existing knowledge and experience to deliver high-quality results.

January 11

I use the `Intervention` library as it make handling images easier.

Here's how to rotate an image

use Intervention\Image\ImageManager;

$image = (new ImageManager())->make('public/image.jpg')->rotate(45)->save('public/rotated_image.jpg');

and here's an upload script from my website that might help?

<?php
// Include the configuration file and autoload file from the composer.
require_once __DIR__ . '/../config/clearwebconfig.php';
require_once "vendor/autoload.php";
use Intervention\Image\ImageManagerStatic as Image;
// Import the ErrorHandler and Database classes from the clearwebconcepts namespace.
use clearwebconcepts\{
    ErrorHandler,
    Database,
    ImageContentManager,
    LoginRepository as Login
};

$errorHandler = new ErrorHandler();

// Register the exception handler method
set_exception_handler([$errorHandler, 'handleException']);

$database = new Database();
$pdo = $database->createPDO();
$checkStatus = new Login($pdo);

// To check for either 'member' or 'sysop'
if ($checkStatus->check_security_level(['sysop'])) {
    // Grant access
} else {
    // Access denied
    header('location: dashboard.php');
    exit();
}

function is_ajax_request(): bool
{
    return isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] === 'XMLHttpRequest';
}


$save_result = false;

if (($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') && isset($_FILES['image'])) {
    $data = $_POST['cms'];
    $data['content'] = trim($data['content']);
    $errors = array();
    $exif_data = [];
    $file_name = $_FILES['image']['name']; // Temporary file:
    $file_size = $_FILES['image']['size'];
    $file_tmp = $_FILES['image']['tmp_name'];
    $thumb_tmp = $_FILES['image']['tmp_name'];
    $file_type = $_FILES['image']['type'];
    $file_ext = strtolower(pathinfo($_FILES['image']['name'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION));


    /*
     * Set EXIF data info of image for database table that is
     * if it contains the info otherwise set to null.
     */
    if ($file_ext === 'jpeg' || $file_ext === 'jpg') {

        $exif_data = exif_read_data($file_tmp);


        if (array_key_exists('Make', $exif_data) && array_key_exists('Model', $exif_data)) {
            $data['Model'] = $exif_data['Make'] . ' ' . $exif_data['Model'];
        }

        if (array_key_exists('ExposureTime', $exif_data)) {
            $data['ExposureTime'] = $exif_data['ExposureTime'] . "s";
        }

        if (array_key_exists('ApertureFNumber', $exif_data['COMPUTED'])) {
            $data['Aperture'] = $exif_data['COMPUTED']['ApertureFNumber'];
        }

        if (array_key_exists('ISOSpeedRatings', $exif_data)) {
            $data['ISO'] = "ISO " . $exif_data['ISOSpeedRatings'];
        }

        if (array_key_exists('FocalLengthIn35mmFilm', $exif_data)) {
            $data['FocalLength'] = $exif_data['FocalLengthIn35mmFilm'] . "mm";
        }

    } else {
        $data['Model'] = null;
        $data['ExposureTime'] = null;
        $data['Aperture'] = null;
        $data['ISO'] = null;
        $data['FocalLength'] = null;
    }

    $data['content'] = trim($data['content']);

    $extensions = array("jpeg", "jpg", "png");

    if (in_array($file_ext, $extensions, true) === false) {
        $errors[] = "extension not allowed, please choose a JPEG or PNG file.";
    }

    if ($file_size >= 58720256) {
        $errors[] = 'File size must be less than or equal to 42 MB';
    }

    /*
     * Create unique name for image.
     */
    $image_random_string = bin2hex(random_bytes(16));
    $image_path = 'assets/image_path/img-entry-' . $image_random_string . '-2048x1365' . '.' . $file_ext;
    $thumb_path = 'assets/thumb_path/thumb-entry-' . $image_random_string . '-600x400' . '.' . $file_ext;


    move_uploaded_file($file_tmp, $image_path);
    move_uploaded_file($thumb_tmp, $thumb_path);


    // Load the image
    $image = Image::make($image_path);

    // Resize the image
    $image->resize(2048, 1365, function ($constraint) {
        $constraint->aspectRatio();
        $constraint->upsize();
    });

    // Save the new image
    $image->save($image_path, 100);

    // Load the image with Intervention Image
    $image = Image::make($image_path);

    // Resize the image while maintaining the aspect ratio
    $image->resize(600, 400, function ($constraint) {
        $constraint->aspectRatio();
        $constraint->upsize();
    });

    // Save the thumbnail
    $image->save($thumb_path, 100);


    $data['image_path'] = $image_path;
    $data['thumb_path'] = $thumb_path;


    /*
     * If no errors save ALL the information to the
     * database table.
     */
    if (empty($errors) === true) {
        // Save to Database Table CMS
        $timezone = new DateTimeZone('America/Detroit'); // Use your timezone here
        $today = new DateTime('now', $timezone);
        $data['date_updated'] = $data['date_added'] = $today->format("Y-m-d H:i:s");
        $cms = new ImageContentManager($pdo, $data);
        $result = $cms->create();

        if ($result) {
            header('Content-Type: application/json');
            echo json_encode(['status' => 'success']);
            exit();
        }
    } else {
        if (is_ajax_request()) {
            // Send a JSON response with errors for AJAX requests
            header('Content-Type: application/json');
            echo json_encode(['status' => 'error', 'errors' => $errors]);
        }
    }

}

December 11, 2024

This might help as it comes from an old site that I did ->

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'GET') {
    if (isset($_GET['category'])) {
        $category = $_GET['category'];
    } else {
        error_log('Category is not set in the GET data');
        $category = 'general';
    }
    $total_count = $cms->countAllPage($category);
} else {
    try {
        $category = 'general';
        $total_count = $cms->countAllPage($category);
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        error_log('Error while counting all pages: ' . $e->getMessage());
    }
}

/*
 * Using pagination in order to have a nice looking
 * website page.
 */

// Grab the current page the user is on
if (isset($_GET['page']) && !empty($_GET['page'])) {
    $current_page = urldecode($_GET['page']);
} else {
    $current_page = 1;
}

$per_page = 2; // Total number of records to be displayed:


// Grab Total Pages
$total_pages = $cms->total_pages($total_count, $per_page);


/* Grab the offset (page) location from using the offset method */
/* $per_page * ($current_page - 1) */
$offset = $cms->offset($per_page, $current_page);

// Figure out the Links that you want the display to look like
$links = new Links($current_page, $per_page, $total_count, $category);

// Finally grab the records that are actually going to be displayed on the page
$records = $cms->page($per_page, $offset, 'cms', $category);

and the retrieval ->

        $sql = 'SELECT * FROM '. $this->table . ' WHERE page =:page AND category =:category ORDER BY id DESC, date_added DESC LIMIT :perPage OFFSET :blogOffset';
        $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql); // Prepare the query:
        $stmt->execute(['page' => $page, 'perPage' => $perPage, 'category' => $category, 'blogOffset' => $offset]); // Execute the query with the supplied data:
        return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

It's kind of Sudo code, but I think you will get the drift.

December 10, 2024

How about something like this?

<?php 
$currentpage = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
if ($currentpage == '/' || $currentpage == '/index.php') {
    // Code for root or index.php page
} else {
    // Code for other pages
}
?>

October 20, 2024

I simply used

define('BASE_PATH', realpath(__DIR__));

in a configuration file then on the page itself just use something like this at the top of page -

<?php
// Include the configuration file and autoload file from the composer.
require_once __DIR__ . '/../config/config.php';
require_once "vendor/autoload.php";

If you plan to use $server_name later in your code to construct paths or URLs that involve the server. Then do this in the configuration file ->

$server_name = filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'SERVER_NAME', FILTER_SANITIZE_URL)

An example :

<?php
// Get the server name and sanitize it.
$server_name = filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'SERVER_NAME', FILTER_SANITIZE_URL);

// Construct the base URL using the server name.
$base_url = "https://" . $server_name . "/";

// Construct the URL for loading the CSS file.
$css_file_url = $base_url . "css/styles.css";
?>


<link rel="stylesheet" href="<?php echo $css_file_url; ?>">

Block or authorize user · August 12, 2024

All you need is the `username` and `password` to get the user's credentials and you really should just store the `id` or `username` in sessions as you can pull the other information of the user when you need it from the database table.

and example of my login ->

    public function verify_credentials($username, $password): bool
    {
        $sql = "SELECT id, password FROM admins WHERE username =:username LIMIT 1";
        $user = $this->retrieve_credentials($sql, $username);
        if ($user && password_verify($password, $user['password'])) {
            session_regenerate_id(); // prevent session fixation attacks
            $_SESSION['user_id'] = $user['id'];
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    protected function retrieve_credentials(string $sql, string $username): ?array
    {
        $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);
        $stmt->execute(['username' => $username]);
        $result = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
        return $result !== false ? $result : null;
    }

It's a method part of a class that I wrote, but basically it's a function and could easily be written in procedural style. This is just an example.

August 1, 2024

I would suggest using Intervention Library as it makes handling images so much easier.

I use the following for my own website ->

<?php
// Include the configuration file and autoload file from the composer.
require_once __DIR__ . '/../config/clearwebconfig.php';
require_once "vendor/autoload.php";
use Intervention\Image\ImageManagerStatic as Image;
// Import the ErrorHandler and Database classes from the clearwebconcepts namespace.
use clearwebconcepts\{
    ErrorHandler,
    Database,
    ImageContentManager,
    LoginRepository as Login
};

$errorHandler = new ErrorHandler();

// Register the exception handler method
set_exception_handler([$errorHandler, 'handleException']);

$database = new Database();
$pdo = $database->createPDO();
$checkStatus = new Login($pdo);

// To check for either 'member' or 'sysop'
if ($checkStatus->check_security_level(['sysop'])) {
    // Grant access
} else {
    // Access denied
    header('location: dashboard.php');
    exit();
}

function is_ajax_request(): bool
{
    return isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] === 'XMLHttpRequest';
}


$save_result = false;

if (($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') && isset($_FILES['image'])) {
    $data = $_POST['cms'];
    $data['content'] = trim($data['content']);
    $errors = array();
    $exif_data = [];
    $file_name = $_FILES['image']['name']; // Temporary file:
    $file_size = $_FILES['image']['size'];
    $file_tmp = $_FILES['image']['tmp_name'];
    $thumb_tmp = $_FILES['image']['tmp_name'];
    $file_type = $_FILES['image']['type'];
    $file_ext = strtolower(pathinfo($_FILES['image']['name'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION));


    /*
     * Set EXIF data info of image for database table that is
     * if it contains the info otherwise set to null.
     */
    if ($file_ext === 'jpeg' || $file_ext === 'jpg') {

        $exif_data = exif_read_data($file_tmp);


        if (array_key_exists('Make', $exif_data) && array_key_exists('Model', $exif_data)) {
            $data['Model'] = $exif_data['Make'] . ' ' . $exif_data['Model'];
        }

        if (array_key_exists('ExposureTime', $exif_data)) {
            $data['ExposureTime'] = $exif_data['ExposureTime'] . "s";
        }

        if (array_key_exists('ApertureFNumber', $exif_data['COMPUTED'])) {
            $data['Aperture'] = $exif_data['COMPUTED']['ApertureFNumber'];
        }

        if (array_key_exists('ISOSpeedRatings', $exif_data)) {
            $data['ISO'] = "ISO " . $exif_data['ISOSpeedRatings'];
        }

        if (array_key_exists('FocalLengthIn35mmFilm', $exif_data)) {
            $data['FocalLength'] = $exif_data['FocalLengthIn35mmFilm'] . "mm";
        }

    } else {
        $data['Model'] = null;
        $data['ExposureTime'] = null;
        $data['Aperture'] = null;
        $data['ISO'] = null;
        $data['FocalLength'] = null;
    }

    $data['content'] = trim($data['content']);

    $extensions = array("jpeg", "jpg", "png");

    if (in_array($file_ext, $extensions, true) === false) {
        $errors[] = "extension not allowed, please choose a JPEG or PNG file.";
    }

    if ($file_size >= 58720256) {
        $errors[] = 'File size must be less than or equal to 42 MB';
    }

    /*
     * Create unique name for image.
     */
    $image_random_string = bin2hex(random_bytes(16));
    $image_path = 'assets/image_path/img-entry-' . $image_random_string . '-2048x1365' . '.' . $file_ext;
    $thumb_path = 'assets/thumb_path/thumb-entry-' . $image_random_string . '-600x400' . '.' . $file_ext;


    move_uploaded_file($file_tmp, $image_path);
    move_uploaded_file($thumb_tmp, $thumb_path);


    // Load the image
    $image = Image::make($image_path);

    // Resize the image
    $image->resize(2048, 1365, function ($constraint) {
        $constraint->aspectRatio();
        $constraint->upsize();
    });

    // Save the new image
    $image->save($image_path, 100);

    // Load the image with Intervention Image
    $image = Image::make($image_path);

    // Resize the image while maintaining the aspect ratio
    $image->resize(600, 400, function ($constraint) {
        $constraint->aspectRatio();
        $constraint->upsize();
    });

    // Save the thumbnail
    $image->save($thumb_path, 100);


    $data['image_path'] = $image_path;
    $data['thumb_path'] = $thumb_path;


    /*
     * If no errors save ALL the information to the
     * database table.
     */
    if (empty($errors) === true) {
        // Save to Database Table CMS
        $timezone = new DateTimeZone('America/Detroit'); // Use your timezone here
        $today = new DateTime('now', $timezone);
        $data['date_updated'] = $data['date_added'] = $today->format("Y-m-d H:i:s");
        $cms = new ImageContentManager($pdo, $data);
        $result = $cms->create();

        if ($result) {
            header('Content-Type: application/json');
            echo json_encode(['status' => 'success']);
            exit();
        }
    } else {
        if (is_ajax_request()) {
            // Send a JSON response with errors for AJAX requests
            header('Content-Type: application/json');
            echo json_encode(['status' => 'error', 'errors' => $errors]);
        }
    }

}

I log my errors to a log file that I can only see and a person needs to be login to my website even to upload a file.

Maybe the above can you help you out a little. Just remember nothing is full proof, but you should make the code as tight as possible.

July 12, 2024

If you are trying to enter data, but you don't know exactly how many fields (columns) you are going to be saving to the table then you could do something like the following. Though would still need the correct table's column names and the corresponding data that goes with it. Here's an example ->

function create(array $data, $pdo, $table) {
    try {
        /* Initialize an array */
        $attribute_pairs = [];

        /*
         * Set up the query using prepared states with the values of the array matching
         * the corresponding keys in the array
         * and the array keys being the prepared named placeholders.
         */
        $sql = 'INSERT INTO ' . $table . ' (' . implode(", ", array_keys($data)) . ')';
        $sql .= ' VALUES ( :' . implode(', :', array_keys($data)) . ')';

        /*
         * Prepare the Database Table:
         */
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);

        /*
         * Grab the corresponding values in order to
         * insert them into the table when the script
         * is executed.
         */
        foreach ($data as $key => $value)
        {
            if($key === 'id') { continue; } // Don't include the id:
            $attribute_pairs[] = $value; // Assign it to an array:
        }

        return $stmt->execute($attribute_pairs); // Execute and send boolean true:

    } catch (PDOException $e) {

        if ($e->errorInfo[1] === 1062) {
            return false;
        }

        throw $e;
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        echo 'Caught exception: ', $e->getMessage(), "\n"; // Not for a production server:
    }

    return true;
}

May 10, 2024

Here's a countdown clock that I did years ago, but I recently updated it a couple of months ago.

countdown.js file

"use strict";

/**
 * Calculates the time remaining until a specified end time.
 * @param {string} endtime - The end time in a format parseable by Date.parse.
 * @returns {object} An object containing the total milliseconds and the breakdown in days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
 */
const getTimeRemaining = (endtime) => {
    const total = Date.parse(endtime) - Date.now();  // Calculate the difference in milliseconds from now to the end time
    return {
        total,
        days: Math.floor(total / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)), // Convert milliseconds to days
        hours: Math.floor((total / (1000 * 60 * 60)) % 24), // Convert milliseconds to hours, modulo 24
        minutes: Math.floor((total / 1000 / 60) % 60), // Convert milliseconds to minutes, modulo 60
        seconds: Math.floor((total / 1000) % 60) // Convert milliseconds to seconds, modulo 60
    };
};

/**
 * Initializes a countdown clock on the webpage.
 * @param {string} id - The ID suffix of the countdown clock container.
 * @param {Date} endtime - The countdown end time.
 */
const initializeClock = (id, endtime) => {
    const clock = document.getElementById(`display_clock${id}`); // Access the clock element by ID
    if (!clock) {
        console.error(`Clock with id 'display_clock${id}' not found.`);
        return; // Exit if no element is found
    }

    // Map each time unit to its corresponding DOM element within the clock container
    const fields = ['days', 'hours', 'minutes', 'seconds'].map(field =>
        clock.querySelector(`.${field}`)
    );

    if (fields.some(element => element === null)) { // Check if any elements are missing
        console.error('One or more clock elements not found:', fields);
        return; // Exit if missing elements are found
    }

    // Updates the countdown clock display every second
    const updateClock = () => {
        const { total, days, hours, minutes, seconds } = getTimeRemaining(endtime);

        // Update each field in the DOM with the new time
        [days, hours, minutes, seconds].forEach((val, i) => {
            fields[i].textContent = String(val).padStart(2, '0'); // Format with leading zeros
        });

        if (total <= 0) {
            clock.textContent = "Contest Finished, entry time expired";
            clearInterval(timeInterval); // Stop the timer if the countdown is complete
        }
    };

    updateClock();
    const timeInterval = setInterval(updateClock, 1000); // Set the timer to update every second
};

/**
 * Fetches the countdown data and initializes the clock using that data.
 */
const fetchRoutine = () => {
    fetch('data.json') // Fetch the countdown data from a local JSON file
        .then(response => response.json())
        .then(data => {
            document.getElementById("countdown_date").textContent = data.date_format; // Set the formatted date
            document.getElementById("display_title").textContent = data.title; // Set the event title
            initializeClock(1, new Date(Date.parse(data.time_left))); // Initialize the clock with the fetched data
        })
        .catch(error => {
            console.error('Fetch error:', error); // Log any errors during fetch
        });
};

// Ensure all DOM content is loaded before executing the fetch routine.
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', fetchRoutine);

it pulls in data from data.json file

{
  "time_left": "2024-08-27T11:59:59-04:00",
  "date_format": "Tuesday - August 28, 2024",
  "title": "Countdown to "
}

here is the HTML file:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Countdown Clock</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="reset.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="countdown.css">
</head>
<body>

<div class="info">
    <h1 id="display_title"></h1>
    <h2 id="countdown_date"></h2>
</div>
<div id="display_clock1">
    <figure class="box">
        <div class="days"></div>
        <figcaption>Days</figcaption>
    </figure>
    <figure class="box">
        <div class="hours"></div>
        <figcaption>Hours</figcaption>
    </figure>
    <figure class="box">
        <div class="minutes"></div>
        <figcaption>Minutes</figcaption>
    </figure>
    <figure class="box">
        <div class="seconds"></div>
        <figcaption>Seconds</figcaption>
    </figure>
</div>

<script src="countdown.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

and even the css file countdown.css

*{
    -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

div.info {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 300px;
    height: auto;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2px;
    margin: 10px auto;
}

div.info::after { content: ''; display: block; clear: both; }

h1 {
    font-family: "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif;
    font-size: 1.2em;
    line-height: 1.5;
}
h2 {
    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.0em;
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 300;
}

div#display_clock1 {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 190px;
    height: auto;
    margin: 5px auto;
    background-color: pink;
}
div#display_clock1 figure.box {
    float: left;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 40px;
    height: 70px;
    color: #fff;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0;
    margin-left: 5px;
}

div#display_clock1 figure.box div {
    background-color: #2e2e2e;
    height: 50px;
    line-height: 50px;
}

div#display_clock1 figure.box figcaption {
    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;

    font-size: 0.6em;
    line-height: 20px;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: #000;
}

It's a simple countdown clock, but can be modify to enhance. I did check it out that it still runs properly. Fetching the clock can be modify to add even more countdown counters by the `id` in this example there is only 1.

April 16, 2024

Ever since AI I have seen tech forums like this one become very quiet which isn't surprising.

March 1, 2024

I didn't create a Model, but a trait though maybe it will give you some ideas?

<?php
// NavigationMenuTrait.php

namespace clearwebconcepts;

use function htmlspecialchars;
use function hash_equals;

trait NavigationMenuTrait
{
    public function regular_navigation(): void
    {
        $navItems = [
            'Home' => 'index.php',
            'About' => 'about.php',
            'Puzzle' => 'puzzle.php',
            'Portfolio' => 'portfolio.php',
            'Contact' => 'contact.php'
        ];

        // Check if the user is logged in
        $isLoggedIn = isset($_COOKIE['login_token']) && isset($_SESSION['login_token']) && hash_equals($_SESSION['login_token'], $_COOKIE['login_token']);

        if ($isLoggedIn) {
            unset($navItems['Home']); // Remove 'Home' from the navigation menu
            // Add 'Dashboard' to the start of the navigation menu
            $navItems = array('Dashboard' => 'dashboard.php') + $navItems;
        } else {
            $navItems['Login'] = 'login.php'; // Add 'Login' to the navigation menu
        }


        $navLinks = [];

        foreach ($navItems as $title => $path) {
            $href = $this->generateHref($path);
            $safeTitle = htmlspecialchars($title, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
            $navLinks[] = "<a href=\"{$href}\">{$safeTitle}</a>";
        }

        // Check if the user is logged in
        if ($isLoggedIn) {
            $navLinks[] = '<a href="logout.php">Logout</a>'; // Add 'Logout' to the end of the navigation menu
        }

        echo implode('', $navLinks);
    }

    public function showAdminNavigation(): void
    {
        $protocol = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] !== 'off' ? 'https://' : 'http://';
        $host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];

        // Define your base path here
        $base_path = ($host === 'localhost:8888') ? '/clearwebconcepts' : '';

        $base_url = $protocol . $host . $base_path;

        $adminItems = [
            'Create Entry' => $base_url . '/create_cms.php',
            'Edit Entry' => $base_url . '/edit_cms.php',
            'Add to Portfolio' => $base_url . '/new_portfolio.php',
            'Edit Portfolio Page' => $base_url . '/edit_portfolio.php',
            'Add Jigsaw' => $base_url . '/add_to_puzzle.php',
            'Edit Jigsaw' => $base_url . '/edit_puzzle.php',
            'Service Form' => $base_url . '/service_form.php'
        ];

        echo '<div class="admin-navigation">';
        foreach ($adminItems as $adminTitle => $adminPath) {
            $adminSafeTitle = htmlspecialchars($adminTitle, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
            echo "<a href=\"{$adminPath}\">{$adminSafeTitle}</a>";
        }
        echo '</div>';
    }


    private function generateHref(string $path): string
    {
        $protocol = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] !== 'off' ? 'https://' : 'http://';
        $host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];

        // Define your base path here
        $base_path = ($host === 'localhost:8888') ? '/clearwebconcepts' : '';

        $base_url = $protocol . $host . $base_path;

        // Build the URL first, then validate it
        $url = $base_url . '/' . $path;
        $sanitized_url = filter_var($url, FILTER_SANITIZE_URL);
        $valid_url = filter_var($sanitized_url, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL);

        if ($valid_url === false) {
            die('Invalid URL');
        }

        return $valid_url;
    }
}

February 17, 2024

I create a simple error log for my own use and it comes in handy in debugging without the user knowing about it. I even created a simple error handler to sort the errors.

class ErrorHandler implements ErrorHandlerInterface
{
    public function handleException(Throwable $e): void
    {
        if ($e instanceof PDOException) {
            error_log('PDO Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
        } elseif ($e instanceof JsonException) {
            error_log('JSON Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
        } else {
            error_log('General Error: ' . $e->getMessage());
        }
    }
}

and in my configuration file

// Set the path for the error log file
ini_set('error_log', __DIR__ . '/error_log/error_log_file.log');

this is the most import. part errors isn't seen by the public.

February 13, 2024

Here's my query ->

 $sql = 'SELECT * FROM '. $this->table . ' WHERE page =:page AND category =:category ORDER BY id DESC, date_added DESC LIMIT :perPage OFFSET :blogOffset';

it might help?

January 23, 2024

That sure seems like a strange way in doing pagination. In my opinion the data should be come from a database table and broken down to something like the following ->

// Grab the current page the user is on
if (isset($_GET['page']) && !empty($_GET['page'])) {
    $current_page = urldecode($_GET['page']);
} else {
    $current_page = 1;
}

$per_page = 2; // Total number of records to be displayed:


// Grab Total Pages
$total_pages = $cms->total_pages($total_count, $per_page);


/* Grab the offset (page) location from using the offset method */
/* $per_page * ($current_page - 1) */
$offset = $cms->offset($per_page, $current_page);

// Figure out the Links that you want the display to look like
$links = new Links($current_page, $per_page, $total_count, $category);

// Finally grab the records that are actually going to be displayed on the page
$records = $cms->page($per_page, $offset, 'cms', $category);

that way all you have to do is format. the HTML using CSS ->

<main class="main_container" itemprop="mainContentOfPage">
    <?php
    foreach ($records as $record) {
        $imagePath = htmlspecialchars($record['image_path'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
        $heading = htmlspecialchars($record['heading'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
        $content = htmlspecialchars($record['content'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');

        echo '<div class="image-header">';
        echo '<img src="' . $imagePath . '" title="' . $heading . '" alt="' . $heading . '">';
        echo '</div>';
        echo '<h1>' . $heading . '</h1>';
        echo '<p>' . nl2br($content) . '</p>';
        echo '<br><hr><br>';
    }
    ?>
</main>

The above is just an example, but if you breakdown the HTML/Code in smaller sections it's easier to read & debug. There are a lot of good pagination tutorials online.

January 18, 2024

First get the PDO connection out of the function as that will cause you nothing but headaches.

Here's an example of a generic PDO connection ->

<?php
$host = '127.0.0.1'; // or your database host
$db   = 'your_database_name';
$user = 'your_database_username';
$pass = 'your_database_password';
$charset = 'utf8mb4';

$dsn = "mysql:host=$host;dbname=$db;charset=$charset";
$options = [
    PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE            => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
    PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
    PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES   => false,
];

try {
    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass, $options);
    // Use $pdo to perform database operations
} catch (\PDOException $e) {
    throw new \PDOException($e->getMessage(), (int)$e->getCode());
}
?>

I would put this in a configuration file maybe name it config.php file?

My example would entail explaining OOP, so maybe someone else will do a better example for you. But here is how I do it ->

        $sql = "SELECT id, password FROM admins WHERE username =:username LIMIT 1";
        $user = $this->retrieve_credentials($sql, $username);
        if ($user && password_verify($password, $user['password'])) {
            session_regenerate_id(); // prevent session fixation attacks
            $_SESSION['user_id'] = $user['id'];
            return true;
        }

        return false;

and little more code

    protected function retrieve_credentials(string $sql, string $username): ?array
    {
        $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);
        $stmt->execute(['username' => $username]);
        $result = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
        return $result !== false ? $result : null;
    }

December 21, 2023

Studying design patterns such as MVC (Model-View-Controller) and Active Record Design has enhanced my understanding of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). Although many prefer Model-View-Controller, I found Active Record Design more helpful in solidifying my grasp of OOP. One constant with OOP is that there's always something new to learn, and there's always someone with a deeper understanding of it.

I believe that beginners often find the structure of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) challenging. Here's an example from some code on my website to illustrate this. ->

    // Display Record(s) by Pagination
    public function page($perPage, $offset, $page = "index", $category = "general"): array
    {
        $sql = 'SELECT * FROM '. $this->table . ' WHERE page =:page AND category =:category ORDER BY id ASC, date_added DESC LIMIT :perPage OFFSET :blogOffset';
        $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql); // Prepare the query:
        $stmt->execute(['page' => $page, 'perPage' => $perPage, 'category' => $category, 'blogOffset' => $offset]); // Execute the query with the supplied data:
        return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    }

Initially, I would mix up my code by writing `$sql` and `$this->sql`, which made things confusing for me. However, everyone has their unique journey in learning Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). By coding in this manner, I'm able to more clearly identify key OOP components, such as recognizing `$this->pdo` and understanding that `$stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)` is an example of object-oriented code.

December 18, 2023

My approach would be to divide the content into three files, although it's feasible to combine everything into a single file. Nonetheless, I'd still make an effort to keep the code and HTML distinct and separate as much as possible.

Client's search page - example clients.php (form to search)
JavaScript file - example clients.js
PHP search results file - example client_results.php

Here's an example of what I'm trying to express:

My HTML form (edit_cms.php):

    <div class="search-form-container">
        <form id="searchForm">
            <div class="input-group">
                <label for="heading">Heading:</label>
                <select class="select-css" id="heading" name="heading">
                    <option value="" disabled selected>Select Heading</option>
                    <?php
                    foreach ($records as $record) {
                        echo '<option value="' . $record['heading'] . '">' . $record['heading'] . '</option>';
                    }
                    ?>
                </select>
            </div>
            <div class="input-group">
                <label for="searchTerm">Search Product Content:</label>
                <input type="text" placeholder="Search Content" id="searchTerm" class="input-field" autofocus required>
            </div>
            <button class="search_button" type="submit">Search</button>
        </form>
    </div>

A little bit of my JavaScript code (edit_cms.js):

        async function displayRecord(searchTerm = null, selectedHeading = null) {
            const requestData = {};
            if(searchTerm !== null) requestData.searchTerm = searchTerm;
            if(selectedHeading !== null) requestData.heading = selectedHeading;

            try {
                const response = await fetch("search_cms_records.php", {
                    method: "POST",
                    headers: {
                        "Content-Type": "application/json",
                    },
                    body: JSON.stringify(requestData),
                });

                const data = await response.json();
                console.log(data); // Add this line
                if (data.message) {
                    resultInput.value = '';
                    resultInput.placeholder = data.message;
                } else if (data.error) {
                    console.error(data.error);
                } else {
                    const row = data[0];
                    console.log(row);
                    idInput.value = row.id;
                    image_for_edit_record.src = row.thumb_path;
                    image_for_edit_record.alt = row.heading;
                    category.value = row.category;
                    category.textContent = `${row.category.charAt(0).toUpperCase()}${row.category.slice(1)}`;
                    heading.value = row.heading;
                    content.value = row.content;
                    resizeTextarea(content);
                }
            } catch (error) {
                console.error("Error:", error);
            }
        }

and my PHP file with a little bit of the code that gets the results (search_cms_records.php):

    // Get the request body and decode it as JSON.
    $request = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true);

    // Extract the search term and heading from the request, if they exist.
    $searchTerm = $request['searchTerm'] ?? null;
    $heading = $request['heading'] ?? null;

    // If a search term was provided, use a full-text search on the 'content' field.
    // Before this can work, you'll need to make sure your content column is indexed for full-text searching.
    // You can do this with the following SQL command:
    // Example:
    // ALTER TABLE cms ADD FULLTEXT(content);
    if($searchTerm !== null) {
        $sql = "SELECT * FROM cms WHERE MATCH(content) AGAINST(:searchTerm IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE) LIMIT 1";
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
        $stmt->bindValue(':searchTerm', $searchTerm);

        // If a heading was provided, search for exact matches on the 'heading' field.
    } else if($heading !== null) {
        $sql = "SELECT * FROM cms WHERE heading = :heading LIMIT 1";
        $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
        $stmt->bindValue(':heading', $heading);

        // If neither a search term nor a heading was provided, throw an exception.
    } else {
        throw new Exception("No valid search term or heading provided");
    }

    // Execute the prepared statement.
    $stmt->execute();

    // Fetch the results and handle them as needed.
    $results = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

    // If results were found, return them to the client as JSON.
    if ($results) {
        echo json_encode($results);
    } else {
        echo json_encode(['message' => 'No results found.']);
    }

My argument is that debugging becomes simpler when most of the code is organized and separated as much as possible within its respective programming language.

December 16, 2023

There's no `WHERE` in `INSERT INTO`

November 27, 2023

I personally find it better to have the configuration file outside the root directory

require_once __DIR__ . '/../config/config.php'; // Goes one up from the root / directory

November 16, 2023

Instead of using `if` statements you should be using `functions`, plus PHP has a great way of doing pagination (The following is just an example of what I'm talking about) ->

    // Display Record(s) by Pagination
    public function page($perPage, $offset, $page = "index", $category = "general"): array
    {
        $sql = 'SELECT * FROM '. $this->table . ' WHERE page =:page AND category =:category ORDER BY id ASC, date_added DESC LIMIT :perPage OFFSET :blogOffset';
        $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql); // Prepare the query:
        $stmt->execute(['page' => $page, 'perPage' => $perPage, 'category' => $category, 'blogOffset' => $offset]); // Execute the query with the supplied data:
        return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
    }

I would look into pagination tutorials as that will save you a lot headaches.

November 14, 2023

I would studied up on using CSS Grids, CSS Flexbox and media queries for responsive that way you can control the any page layout.

Sign In

Strider64

Posts

Joined

Last visited

Days Won

Content Type

Profiles

Forums

Posts posted by Strider64

Why I cant get sessions in other pages after deployment to ionos web hosting?

Reduce file size before upload

call php function without reloading page?

Problem with $_SESSION variables

Let the Debate Begin...

imagecreatefromjpeg() error help

php last record

php if else not working with main root / only working for index.php

Problem with paths

Block or authorize user

Urgent help needed in php image validation

hoto make prepared statement

Pulling values from script.js

AI generated code

Custom PHP MVC Framework - Creating Multilevel Navigation & Commenting Systems, etc.

Proper Error Handling

Not displaying any results from the database

My datatable does not show filtering, pagination and search | Please help me!

trying to create new connections after each login using PDO

Building API, PDO, Procedural

Form get value and assign to variable to be used for sql query

SQL WHERE CLAUSE syntax issue

Simple PHP app. Advice regarding security.

Want to reduce the repeating code on my php filter query

How to remove sidebar from post page

Browse

Activity

Important Information