[Getting errors]

Two things. You need to upgrade your PHP to a current version. Second thing, mysql_* has been completely removed from PHP. I would suggest you use PDO with Prepared Statements.

https://phpdelusions.net/pdo

[Altering percieved resource path]

6 hours ago, TechnoDiver said:

I wouldn't even know where to start in the direction you're speaking of. Are you referring to frameworks like Laravel?

I am not suggesting you go to a Framework although they are structured the way I mentioned. Check out this free Laracast video series on PHP. It is the only video tutorial I have seen that I would recommend to anyone. It will get you going in the right direction. Watch each one even if you understand it already.

The PHP Practitioner
https://laracasts.com/series/php-for-beginners

[Altering percieved resource path]

The "real" problem is that you have no Architecture to your site. Having a direct correlation of URLS to file paths is a very restrictive and low level design. By designing using a "Front Controller" or "MVC" pattern with a single point of entry you could move files anywhere you want without affecting the URLS. Optimally, all your files should be above the root save for the index.php and your assets such as images, JS and CSS.

It may be above your current skill level but it is well worth learning.

[Help - creating stored proc using PDO statement]

After re-reading this thread it seems apparent that what you really need is a BI (Business Intelligence) tool that is purpose built for the real problem you are trying to solve, generating various reports. Tableau and Power BI are such tools. (There are many others).

I am going to bow out of your specific request since I think you are going about it wrong and are not willing to do anything beyond "how" you are trying to solve a problem.

[Help - creating stored proc using PDO statement]

Since you are insisting on doing things they way you are, here is working code.
 

<?php

$host = '127.0.0.1';
$db   = 'test';
$user = 'root';
$pass = '';
$charset = 'utf8mb4';

$dsn = "mysql:host=$host;dbname=$db;charset=$charset";
$options = [
    PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE            => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
    PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
    PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES   => false,
];
try {
     $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass, $options);
} catch (\PDOException $e) {
     throw new \PDOException($e->getMessage(), (int)$e->getCode());
}

$sql = 'DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test1';
$pdo->exec($sql);

$sql ='CREATE PROCEDURE test1(IN LastID INT(5))
BEGIN
SELECT person.RecordID AS PersonID, organization.Name FROM person INNER JOIN organization ON person.lnk_organization = organization.RecordID LIMIT 10;
SELECT person.RecordID AS PersonID, organization.Name, organization.City, organization.State, organization.Zip FROM person INNER JOIN organization ON person.lnk_organization = organization.RecordID LIMIT 25;
END';

$pdo->exec($sql);

 

[Help - creating stored proc using PDO statement]

You will get a lot farther if you give us a high level overview of what you have going on rather than how you want to do it. "The users can create tables" is a very bad smell. Something is not right. 

What we currently have here is know as an XY Problem.
https://xyproblem.info/

[Help with depreciated 'each' function replacement]

35 minutes ago, Barand said:

I knew when I was writing that there would be some purist raising an objection. However I decided the returns in this case weren't worth the extra effort and took a pragmatic approach.

It's hardly purist. It is basic Database Normalization. What are you going to do if there are more image caps, keep adding columns? +2 to the ADDITIONAL bad DB design. How is the OP supposed to learn when a forum expert shows them the wrong way.

[Help with depreciated 'each' function replacement]

Surprised at you @Barand. There should be a separate table for the image caps keyed to the image url id not consecutive numbered columns. I know you know that.

[PHP json cleaning help]

I mean dump the $data variable. There is nothing there to loop over.

var_dump($data);

 

[PHP json cleaning help]

Look at the result of $data.

[XAMPP - INDEX.PHP DISPLAYING AS TEXT IN BROWSER]

Additionally, you need to access the file through a server, not the filesystem. If your URL starts like file:/// you are not using a server.

[someone show me why this code doesn't submit data into my db table]

It should be noted that trimming $_POST with array_map as shown will fail on multi-dimensional arrays. A simple function will solve the problem.

 

function trim_array($input)
{
    if (!is_array($input))
    {
        return trim($input);
    }
    return array_map('trim_array', $input);
}

$_POST = [
    ["data1 ", "     data2", "  data3  "],
    ["data4", " data5", "    data6       "]];

$post = trim_array($_POST);
var_dump($post);

 

[How does PHP know to up or go down?]

46 minutes ago, ChenXiu said:

My biggie learning project today is to learn how to indent

Any decent editor or IDE will do it for you.

[Getting 500 error]

mysql_* has been completely removed from current versions of Php. You need to use PDO with Prepared statements. This tutorial will get you going.

https://phpdelusions.net/pdo

[understanding terminology]

I knew this conversation sounded familiar.........

https://www.phphelp.com/t/terminology-discourse/33277/5

[Accessing user defined constants]

Sounds to me like you have an Architecture problem. You "should" be serving all your files through a single point of entry. You might want to start a new thread about that topic with details of how you have things set up.

[still trying to learn]

Where does $url magically come from?

[Cannot resolve: Warning: Use of undefined constant]

You need to use Prepared Statements and your problem will be solved. NEVER EVER put variables in your query and NEVER EVER trust user supplied data.

But as to why the problem, there are no quotes in your $_POST values. You have $_POST[article_id] instead of $_POST['article_id']

 

[Stuck on naming database]

37 minutes ago, oracle765 said:

any ideas

Yes, stop using shared hosting and get a VPS.

[Naming files for Google]

As far as file names, what DOES make a difference is underscore and dash to separate words. As simple search proves this out.

On google search fast_cars and see returned result count, then try fast-cars. I get 13,000,000 results and 1,600,000,000 respectively

Bottom line, use dashes as the separator.

[Question about using a database connection class]

Take a look at my clean-pdo code repo.

https://github.com/benanamen/clean-pdo

[Display Content as Default from MySQLi]

Your code is vulnerable to an SQL Injection Attack. You need to use Prepared Statements.

NEVER EVER PUT VARIABLES IN YOUR QUERY

[Form to email]

The form data is in the POST array which you do nothing with. Besides that, this code will be vulnerable to an Email Header Injection Attack if it were to work.

[Redirect domains to a URL+domains]

17 hours ago, kahymo said:

the use is to forward 100 or 10K domains to one website, and have them all redirected to a specific parking page

Oh, so your a Domain Squatter. 🚩🚩

[Moving some PHP to the backend without a button press or anything]

The break tag (br) by no means goes anywhere within a Select element.

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/select