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The LetsEncrypt root certificate expired on October 1st. I'm running one old server that does not contain this certificate. So I had to manually add it to the operating system so curl and web browsers could again communicate with domains that use LetsEncrypt SSL. It was pretty easy and hacks like that are to be expected when running a server thats a bit old. But PHP still isn't working. Using stream_context_create( ), I'm still unable to connect to LetsEncrypt certificates. So it would seem that PHP is not using the system's certificate roots. Does it have it's own collection of certs somewhere? If so, is there a way I can verify that, and then add the new LetsEncrypt one to it?

I have a script that runs periodically by a launchd timer. I give the script a very tight timeout ( set_time_limit(120); ). Most of the time, my script works great. But every once in a while, one of the commands I run in an exec( ) call seems to hang. This of course is a problem because once the exec( ) call hangs, the php script hangs as time spent on exec( ) calls does not count towards the script's runtime. Furthermore since the script is still running, launchd doesn't call it again. So in this way, my script is entirely at the mercy of a command line program not having a problem. And if it does, I can't do anything about it. So while I could try to figure out why my particular command seems to go awry (which is its own weird issue), the bigger issue is how can I call command line programs in php in a way that don't allow a runaway command to lock up the whole script forever? I wish there was an exec( )-type function with timeout built in. Or even a script timelimit function that DID count pauses and external programs. Something to kill this!? Something other than a SECOND php script that would check on the first script and kill it when there is a problem. There MUST be a better solution than that? Any thoughts?

So turns out the bindto IP needs to be in the format of x.x.x.x:0, so I changed my code a bit and now it's working properly: $options = array("socket" => array("bindto" => OPERATING_IP.":0" ));

Wow this forum loves to eat half my post spontaneously. The REST of the post above said that OPERATING_IP is a user defined constant but it still doesn't work even if I hard code the IP address in there as a string. And yes I verified the IP is correct. And I also verified again that the socket_create( ) / socket_bind( ) code from above, DOES bind to the proper IP. This is the code that works but has no connection timeout. So any thoughts on why binding with stream_socket isn't working?

So I got around to playing with this tonight. This new way of opening sockets does work. And the timeout does seem to work properly (although I do need to do some more thorough testing, but so far so good. HOWEVER it does not appear to be binding to the IP provided. This is what I have going on: $params = array('socket' => array('bindto' => OPERATING_IP)); $context = stream_context_create($params); $socket = @stream_socket_client("tcp://$ip:$port", $errno, $errstr, $timeout, STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT, $context);

I'm having issues working with sockets in PHP, I'm hoping someone can help. I'm making an application in which I need to open my own socket connections. There are two specific features that I need: I need to set a timeout for the connection attempt. I need these connections to come from a custom IP address, and by that I mean that my server has more than one IP, and I need the socket connection to use an IP that is not the server's default internet connection port. There are (as far as I know) two ways to open a socket connection. Both techniques meet a requirement and miss a requirement. Option 1: I can use the function fsockopen( ) to open the connection. This function works great and let's me set a timeout for the connection itself. It's solid and reliable. However it has, as far as I can tell, no way to set the connection to come from a custom IP. All connections using this function come from the server's default IP address. Option 2: The socket_create( ) / socket_connect( ) family of functions. These functions have a lot more options, they let you do a lot more. I can easily bind the socket to my server's secondary IP address so socket connections will come from it. HOWEVER as far as I can tell, these family of functions lack a connection timeout. You can set timeout for reads and timeouts for writes. But there doesn't seem to be a way to set a timeout for initiating the connection itself. Even setting the "default_socket_timeout" parameter doesn't have any effect on the connection time. This type of question is a bit more technical than most PHP questions. But I'm hoping someone out there knows a way I can open sockets while meeting both of my two requirements. It's entirely possible that it is not possible, I know. But hopefully it can be done. One thought I had was a way of using the second option, and wrapping the whole socket_connect( ) function inside of another function that sets a timeout, and would kill the socket_connect( ) function once the timeout was met. However, I don't know of any such system in PHP, this was only a concept theory. How I open my sockets using fsockopen( ): $sock = @fsockopen($ip,$port,$errno,$errstr,$timeout); How I open my sockets using socket_create( ): ini_set("default_socket_timeout",$timeout); $sock = socket_create(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,SOL_TCP); socket_bind($sock,OPERATING_IP); socket_set_option($sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, array("sec" => $timeout, "usec" => 0)); socket_set_option($sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, array("sec" => $timeout, "usec" => 0)); $sock_status = @socket_connect($sock,$ip,$port);