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The example might have been using a constant. Those are pre-defined values like define('USERNAME', '[email protected]'); // or const USERNAME = '[email protected]'; In the first one, the constant is created with a function, and the name of the constant needs to be a string because it's passed as a value to the define() function. The second one shows a special syntax for creating constants, where the name of the constant doesn't have to be a string because that's how the syntax works: name of constant = value of constant. Note that for both of those syntaxes, the email value is still a string.