CodeIgniter 4 is leaps and bounds better than 3 - it was re-written from scratch to make use of modern development patterns. That being said, as gizmola mentioned it was still pretty bare-bones last time I used it, whereas Laravel is fully featured. Some may say too fully featured, but it's optimized very well and has a large and active ecosystem. For instance, if you don't want to pay for Pusher they just released Reverb, which is a Laravel-specific websocket package that isn't the easiest thing to set up, but once you do it's quite good. It has a robust queue system that allows the developer to do a lot of work asynchronously right out of the box. The learning curve is steep, but most frameworks have that problem. Just know going in that there is a lot of magic to Laravel, so making sure you're comfortable reading source code is important (although the docs are better than most, IMO).
I've not used Symfony specifically but - again as gizmola says - Laravel is built heavily on Symfony components. Best bet is to try building something smallish in all three and see which sings to you. Personally, even recognizing that Laravel has plenty of warts I prefer to work in it (though that may be Stockholm Syndrome as I've been working with it almost exclusively for about 6 years now).