tryingtolearn

Now a new problem. I get the values from the code posted above but I just get the word Array when I try to use it with max() $arr = array(); foreach($array as $key => $add){ $image_height = round($_SESSION['imgheight'.$key]); if($add == "Yes") { $arr[] = $image_height; } } rsort($arr); print_r($arr); That gives me Array ( [0] => 379 [1] => 8 ) for the print_r($arr); But when I try to use the MAX() function with it I use max(array($arr)); And it just prints Array instead of the highest value?? I then tried putting it into a string $works = implode(',', $arr); echo $works; $hgt = max($works); echo works gives me a comma sep. string of the values But, I get Wrong parameter count for max when I use the variable. Is there a different way to get the highest value?

Thanks ToonMariner, That did the trick. I appreciate both of you taking the time to respond and help me out.

Thanks for the reply, But that still gives me basically the same thing I had. (Three seperate numbers instead of a string that I can get the max value out of) Maybe Im not explaining it right - Its got me confused.

Hi all I dont know what this would fall under - I have a foreach loop that is returning the image height for each image selected on the previous page. I need to get the max() of all the values returned. The problem is that it treats each image height as 1 individual value. for example foreach($array as $key => $add){ $image_height = round($_SESSION['imgheight'.$key]); if($add == "Yes"){ echo "$image_height<br>"; } } Will give me all the image heights selected like this 80 275 25 Is there a way to take all those individual values returned, combine them, and then return the highest value (275 in this case)? I cant figure out how to get them all together to determine the largest size. Thanks for any help.

I think my problem was that I was thinking the info was in an array when it wasnt SO once I changed that around (And learned alot more!!) its working now - http://www.acmaine.com/index.html

Well still confused on the global part, Tried a few different things with that but it didnt change anything. On page 2 everything is done inside of this $num = $_POST['num']; for ($x = 1; $x <= $num; $x++) { blah blah blah } So I get all the images that were uploaded The problem was, if I built the gallery there Every image would be in its one formating - like an individual gallery for each individual pic. Kind of defeated the purpose. Then I realized - apply each one to a form to further enhance things just in case they got a bad resample they dont want to use they can deselect it. So at that point it is reading everything. But when you go to the next page it only gets the last one checked. If it lists Images 1,2,3,4,5 only 5 will show in the gallery. Not sure how to explain it but I hope someone understands what Im saying.

Thanks for the reply. Sorry for the confusion but thats what I want where?

Hi again all, I am having a problem with getting all of the variables created in a for loop to pass to another form. I will try my best to walk through this - An example of the problem is located at http://www.acmaine.com/select.php I am making a form to upload images, resize them, then place them in a "Click to enlarge gallery" All is going good until I try to display the gallery, I dont get all of the images to pass through to the final page - Only the last one selected. Page 1 to select the # of fields -This works <form action='upload.php' method='post'> Give your gallery a title:<br> <input name="title" type="text" value="Your Gallery Title"><br><br> Select the number of files to upload:<br> <select name='num' /> <?php for($i = 1; $i <= 20; $i++) { echo "<option value=".$i.">".$i."</option><br>"; } echo'</select><br><input type="submit" value="Next"> '; ?> </form> Page 2 Creates the fields - uploads resizes the images presents a form w/ the resized pics to select what images you want in the gallery and what image should be the main image. (I didnt add all the image function stuff in to hopefully keep this from getting longer than it already is. <?php if (isset($_POST['num'])) { $num = $_POST['num']; $title = $_POST['title']; } else { include 'select.php'; exit(); } if (isset($_POST['selected'])) { echo'<form action="gallery.php" method="post">'; echo'<input name="num" type="hidden" value="'.$num.'">'; echo'<input name="title" type="hidden" value="'.$title.'">'; echo'<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="450">'; echo' <tr>'; echo '<td>Image</td>'; echo '<td>Add To Gallery</td>'; echo '<td>Make Primary Image</td>'; echo '</tr>'; $num = $_POST['num']; for ($x = 1; $x <= $num; $x++) { ***All IMAGE resize stuff here*** echo '<tr>'; echo '<td><img src="'.$site.''.$thumb_img.'"></td>'; echo '<td><input name="thumb_img[]" type="checkbox" value="'.$site.''.$thumb_img.'" checked></td>'; echo'<td><input name="res[]" type="hidden" value="'.$site.''.$resize_img.'"><input type="radio" name="primepic[]" value="'.$site.''.$resize_img.'" /></td>'; } else { echo "<br><br>"; echo "Your image - (".$_FILES['imagefile'.$x]['name'].") is the wrong file type. It needs to be a .jpeg or .jpg.<br>"; echo '<hr size="1" width="50%" align="left">'; } }//echo'The directory to these images is <br>'.$site.''.$filedir.'<br> Would you like to see the dir? '; echo'</tr> </table> <input name="size2" type="hidden" value="'.$size2.'"> <br><input type="submit" value="create"> </form> '; exit(); } ?> <form name="form1" method="post" action="<?php $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type='hidden' name='title' value='<?php echo $title; ?>' /> <input type='hidden' name='num' value='<?php echo $num; ?>' /> <?php echo 'Your Title: '.$title.''; echo '<br>Upload your .jpg pictures<br>'; for ($x = 1; $x <= $num; $x++) { ?> Select File: <input type='file' name='imagefile<?php echo $x; ?>' /><br /> <?php } ?> <br><br> <p>Click Upload and your gallery will be created on the next page.<br> <input type='Submit' name="selected" value='Upload' /> </form> Page three Displays the results of the form from the previous page but it only gives me the last thumbnail selected instead of all the thumbnails. This is where I got totally experimental trying to figure out what in the world to do??? <?php foreach($res as $num => $resimg){ $resimg = "<A href=\"#\"; onClick=\"document.new_img.src='$site$resimg'; return false;\">"; } foreach($thumb_img as $num => $thumb){ $thumb = "<IMG src=\"$site$thumb\" width=\"$size2\" border=\"0\"></A>"; } ?> <TABLE width="620" cellpadding="10" border="0" cellspacing="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="620" align="center" colspan="2"><P style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 16pt; color: #336699;text-align: center;"><?php echo $title; ?></p></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD align="center" valign="middle" width="400"><IMG name="new_img" src="<?php foreach($primepic as $img){echo $img;} ?>"><br><center><P style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #666666;">Click an image to the right to enlarge</p></center> </TD> <TD align="center" valign="top" width="170"> <DIV style="scrollbar-arrow-color: #cccccc; scrollbar-base-color: #000000; scrollbar-face-color: #333333; scrollbar-highlight-color: #ffffff; scrollbar-shadow-color: #cccccc; scrollbar-3d-light-color: #ffffff; scrollbar-dark-shadow-color: #ffffff; overflow: auto; width: 140px; height: 300px" align="center"> <?php echo $resimg.$thumb; ?> </DIV> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> Again, you can see a working example of what is happening http://www.acmaine.com/select.php I cant figure out what I need to do where to get all the variables to pass like I get them on page 2 I have been reading Larry Ulmans Book and the php site all morning trying to figure out implode explode foreach ... and my head is spinning. I would appreciate any help on where to go with this problem, Thanks.

This did the trick - but it seemed to make more sense to add the tags that you dont want rather than create a list of all the tags to allow. It also strips the text between open and closed tags For example the title. Thanks for the push in the right direction Scot!  I appreciate it. [code]<?php   $source ='<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>test</title> <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> </head> <body disabled leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="center"> <table width="800" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="FE0000"><img src="img/logo2.gif" width="371" height="128"></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="F0F0F0"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="1"></td> <td width="258" valign="top"><a href="www.birddogsgarage.com">BDG</a></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>';       function strip_selected_tags($source, $tags = '<html><head><title><link><meta><body><!>', $stripContent = true)   {       preg_match_all("/<([^>]+)>/i",$tags,$allTags,PREG_PATTERN_ORDER);       foreach ($allTags[1] as $tag){           if ($stripContent) {               $source = preg_replace("/<".$tag."[^>]*>.*<\/".$tag.">/iU","",$source);           }           $source = preg_replace("/<\/?".$tag."[^>]*>/iU","",$source);       }       return $source;   }   $clean = strip_selected_tags($source);   echo '<textarea name="150" rows="20" cols="75" >'.$clean.'</textarea>'; ?>[/code]

I stand corrected You are right on the money I was reading it wrong. Now the only thing that is left behind is if the user has something in the title tag. Guess I will have to find a way to strip that - and then use the strip_tags. Back to the drawing board.

Thanks Scot, If I understand that correct that only removes the tag so I will still be stuck with everything inbetween the tags (The text) I dont think that will work - unless I am reading it wrong..

Right now I have a date submitted field so I used [code]SELECT *   FROM `your_table`   ORDER BY date_submitted DESC LIMIT 0,3[/code] This gives me the three latest articles. But I am learning so this may not be the best approach.

Im wondering if there is a way to accomplish this. If a user inputs some html code I only want to accept everything that would be inbetween the body tags. If they input [code]<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>test</title> <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> </head> <body disabled leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="center"> <table width="800" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="FE0000"><img src="img/logo2.gif" width="371" height="128"></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="F0F0F0"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="1"></td> <td width="258" valign="top"><a href="www.birddogsgarage.com">BDG</a></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>[/code] I need to remove [code]<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>test</title> <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> </head> <body disabled leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0"> </body> </html>[/code] But keep [code] <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="center"> <table width="800" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="FE0000"><img src="img/logo2.gif" width="371" height="128"></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="F0F0F0"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="1"></td> <td width="258" valign="top"><a href="www.birddogsgarage.com">BDG</a></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> [/code] The problem that I am running into is stripping off the top portion because the body tag can have alot of variation and the content itself can start with anything. This is the closest I have come but it still leaves the  closing head tag and the body tag in place - [code]<?php $source = '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>test</title> <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> </head> <body disabled leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0"> <p><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td align="center"> <table width="800" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="FE0000"><img src="img/logo2.gif" width="371" height="128"></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="F0F0F0"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="1"></td> <td width="258" valign="top"><a href="www.birddogsgarage.com">BDG</a></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>' . $source; $output = strstr ($source,"</head>"); $output = substr ($output, 0, strpos ($output,"</body>")); $file_source = highlight_string($output, true); echo '<textarea name="150" rows="20" cols="75" >'.$output.'</textarea>'; ?>[/code] Any ideas would be greatly appreciated.

Worked like a charm Thank you for the help. Those little things like single quotes or double quotes always get me pulling my hair out for hours on end! I appreciate you taking the time.

Thanks thorpe, Tried that way also - I redid it and by copying and pasting your code just to make sure. I still get this error - mkdir(images/5): File exists Date/Time: 6-13-2006 18:04:10 Well Im saying error - but everything is uploading so is it just a warning or is it an error? Is there a difference?? Just wondering.

Hi all - I have 2 questions on creating directories. First - I am using this code to create the directory using the user ID as a subfolder. This finally got worked out so the permissions were set right and it works. [code]$oldumask = umask(0); mkdir("images/$user_id/", 0777); umask($oldumask);[/code] The first time the user uploads a photo it works fine But the next photo uploaded is triggering errors since the directory already exists. I tried adding if else statements but it seems to ignore that. That leads to the second question, - when creating the directory it is listed as apache as the owner. Would this affect any of the error messages (I dont think so because it is all working fine) So how can write it to only create the directory if it doesnt exist. This was the last attempt the didnt do anything. [code]if (is_dir('images/$user_id/')) { } else{ $oldumask = umask(0); mkdir("images/$user_id/", 0777); umask($oldumask); }[/code]

Is it really that bad??? No one wants to suggest anything??

I am looking for a little help on an image upload and reize script. This beast started out just to upload 1 .jpg file Resize it to two different sizes - add the name to a MYsql database and spit out the results. Then evolved - I needed to do .gif also Then evolved once more to handle .png. That all worked (Allthough I think it is way more complicated then it needs to be but it works) Now I would like to be able to upload resize and record all those types to the database but instead of doing 1 at a time on the form I would like to do 5 at a time. Can this existing code be worked to do that? I was totally confused getting it to this point so I apologize if it is a mess to get through. I understood the whole array idea for multiple uploads but couldnt get anything to like that to do the resizing of the individual pics??? [code] <?php if(isset($_POST['Submit'])) { require_once ('../mysql_connect.php'); // Connect to the database.     $user_id=$_SESSION['user_id'];               $size = 300; // the thumbnail height     $size2 = 150;     $filedir = 'images/'; // the directory for the original image     $thumbdir = 'images/t/'; // the directory for the thumbnail image     $listdir = 'images/tl/'; // the directory for the thumbnail image     $prefix = 'small_'; // the prefix to be added to the original name     $maxfile = '10000000';     $mode = '0777';          $userfile_name = $_FILES['image']['name'];     $userfile_tmp = $_FILES['image']['tmp_name'];     $userfile_size = $_FILES['image']['size'];     $userfile_type = $_FILES['image']['type'];     if (!($userfile_type =="image/pjpeg" OR $userfile_type =="image/jpeg" OR $userfile_type =="image/jpg" OR $userfile_type =="image/gif" OR $userfile_type =="image/png" OR $userfile_type =="image/x-png")) {     die ("You can only load .jpg, .gif, or .png images.  Please <a href=\"photogal.php\">try again</a>."); } // Check for terms.     if (!empty($userfile_name)) {         $i = escape_data($userfile_name);                       // Make the query. $query = "INSERT INTO img (user_id, img_name) VALUES ('$user_id', '$i')";             $result = mysql_query ($query) or trigger_error("Query: $query\n<br />MySQL Error: " . mysql_error());             if (mysql_affected_rows() == 1)                                mysql_close(); // Close the database connection.      // End of the main Submit conditional.      } if ($userfile_type =="image/pjpeg" OR $userfile_type =="image/jpeg" OR $userfile_type =="image/jpg") {     if (isset($_FILES['image']['name']))     {                   $prod_img = $filedir.$userfile_name;         $prod_img_thumb = $thumbdir.$prefix.$userfile_name;         move_uploaded_file($userfile_tmp, $prod_img);         chmod ($prod_img, octdec($mode));                  $sizes = getimagesize($prod_img);         $aspect_ratio = $sizes[1]/$sizes[0];         if ($sizes[1] <= $size)         {             $new_width = $sizes[0];             $new_height = $sizes[1];         }else{             $new_height = $size;             $new_width = abs($new_height/$aspect_ratio);         }         $destimg=ImageCreateTrueColor($new_width,$new_height) or die('Problem In Creating image');         $srcimg=ImageCreateFromJPEG($prod_img) or die('Problem In opening Source Image');         ImageCopyResized($destimg,$srcimg,0,0,0,0,$new_width,$new_height,ImageSX($srcimg),ImageSY($srcimg)) or die('Problem In resizing');         ImageJPEG($destimg,$prod_img_thumb,90) or die('Problem In saving');         imagedestroy($destimg);                  $listthumb = $listdir.$prefix.$userfile_name;         move_uploaded_file($userfile_tmp, $prod_img);         chmod ($prod_img, octdec($mode));                  $sizes = getimagesize($prod_img);         $aspect_ratio = $sizes[1]/$sizes[0];         if ($sizes[1] <= $size2)         {             $new_width2 = $sizes[0];             $new_height2 = $sizes[1];         }else{             $new_height2 = $size2;             $new_width2 = abs($new_height2/$aspect_ratio);         }         $destimg=ImageCreateTrueColor($new_width2,$new_height2) or die('Problem In Creating image');         $srcimg=ImageCreateFromJPEG($prod_img) or die('Problem In opening Source Image');         ImageCopyResized($destimg,$srcimg,0,0,0,0,$new_width2,$new_height2,ImageSX($srcimg),ImageSY($srcimg)) or die('Problem In resizing');         ImageJPEG($destimg,$listthumb,90) or die('Problem In saving');         imagedestroy($destimg);     }     echo 'Image uploaded!<br><a href="photogal.php">Upload another image</a><br>     <a href="'.$prod_img.'" target="_blank">         <img src="'.$prod_img_thumb.'" width="'.$new_width.'" height="'.$new_height.'" border="0">     </a><br><br>     <a href="'.$prod_img.'"target="_blank">         <img src="'.$listthumb.'" width="'.$new_width2.'" height="'.$new_height2.'" border="0">     </a>     '; } if ($userfile_type =="image/png" OR $userfile_type =="image/x-png") {     if (isset($_FILES['image']['name']))     {                   $prod_img = $filedir.$userfile_name;         $prod_img_thumb = $thumbdir.$prefix.$userfile_name;         move_uploaded_file($userfile_tmp, $prod_img);         chmod ($prod_img, octdec($mode));                  $sizes = getimagesize($prod_img);         $aspect_ratio = $sizes[1]/$sizes[0];         if ($sizes[1] <= $size)         {             $new_width = $sizes[0];             $new_height = $sizes[1];         }else{             $new_height = $size;             $new_width = abs($new_height/$aspect_ratio);         }         $destimg=ImageCreateTrueColor($new_width,$new_height) or die('Problem In Creating image');         $srcimg=ImageCreateFromPNG($prod_img) or die('Problem In opening Source Image');         $colourBlack = imagecolorallocate($destimg, 0, 0, 0);         imagecolortransparent($destimg, $colourBlack);         ImageCopyResized($destimg,$srcimg,0,0,0,0,$new_width,$new_height,ImageSX($srcimg),ImageSY($srcimg)) or die('Problem In resizing');         ImagePNG($destimg,$prod_img_thumb) or die('Problem In saving');         imagedestroy($destimg);                  $listthumb = $listdir.$prefix.$userfile_name;         move_uploaded_file($userfile_tmp, $prod_img);         chmod ($prod_img, octdec($mode));                  $sizes = getimagesize($prod_img);         $aspect_ratio = $sizes[1]/$sizes[0];         if ($sizes[1] <= $size2)         {             $new_width2 = $sizes[0];             $new_height2 = $sizes[1];         }else{             $new_height2 = $size2;             $new_width2 = abs($new_height2/$aspect_ratio);         }         $destimg=ImageCreateTrueColor($new_width2,$new_height2) or die('Problem In Creating image');         $srcimg=ImageCreateFromPNG($prod_img) or die('Problem In opening Source Image');         $colourBlack = imagecolorallocate($destimg, 0, 0, 0);         imagecolortransparent($destimg, $colourBlack);         ImageCopyResized($destimg,$srcimg,0,0,0,0,$new_width2,$new_height2,ImageSX($srcimg),ImageSY($srcimg)) or die('Problem In resizing');         ImagePNG($destimg,$listthumb) or die('Problem In saving');         imagedestroy($destimg);     }     echo 'Image uploaded!<br><a href="photogal.php">Upload another image</a><br>     <a href="'.$prod_img.'" target="_blank">         <img src="'.$prod_img_thumb.'" width="'.$new_width.'" height="'.$new_height.'" border="0">     </a><br><br>     <a href="'.$prod_img.'"target="_blank">         <img src="'.$listthumb.'" width="'.$new_width2.'" height="'.$new_height2.'" border="0">     </a>     '; } if ($userfile_type =="image/gif") {     if (isset($_FILES['image']['name']))     {                   $prod_img = $filedir.$userfile_name;         $prod_img_thumb = $thumbdir.$prefix.$userfile_name;         move_uploaded_file($userfile_tmp, $prod_img);         chmod ($prod_img, octdec($mode));                  $sizes = getimagesize($prod_img);         $aspect_ratio = $sizes[1]/$sizes[0];         if ($sizes[1] <= $size)         {             $new_width = $sizes[0];             $new_height = $sizes[1];         }else{             $new_height = $size;             $new_width = abs($new_height/$aspect_ratio);         }         $destimg=ImageCreate($new_width,$new_height) or die('Problem In Creating image');         $srcimg=ImageCreateFromGIF($prod_img) or die('Problem In opening Source Image');         $colourBlack = imagecolorallocate($destimg, 0, 0, 0);         imagecolortransparent($destimg, $colourBlack);         ImageCopyResized($destimg,$srcimg,0,0,0,0,$new_width,$new_height,ImageSX($srcimg),ImageSY($srcimg)) or die('Problem In resizing');         ImageGIF($destimg,$prod_img_thumb) or die('Problem In saving');         imagedestroy($destimg);                  $listthumb = $listdir.$prefix.$userfile_name;         move_uploaded_file($userfile_tmp, $prod_img);         chmod ($prod_img, octdec($mode));                  $sizes = getimagesize($prod_img);         $aspect_ratio = $sizes[1]/$sizes[0];         if ($sizes[1] <= $size2)         {             $new_width2 = $sizes[0];             $new_height2 = $sizes[1];         }else{             $new_height2 = $size2;             $new_width2 = abs($new_height2/$aspect_ratio);         }         $destimg=ImageCreate($new_width2,$new_height2) or die('Problem In Creating image');         $srcimg=ImageCreateFromGIF($prod_img) or die('Problem In opening Source Image');         $colourBlack = imagecolorallocate($destimg, 255, 255, 255);         imagecolortransparent($destimg, $colourBlack);         ImageCopyResized($destimg,$srcimg,0,0,0,0,$new_width2,$new_height2,ImageSX($srcimg),ImageSY($srcimg)) or die('Problem In resizing');         ImageGIF($destimg,$listthumb) or die('Problem In saving');         imagedestroy($destimg);     }     echo 'Image uploaded!<br><a href="photogal.php">Upload another image</a><br>     <a href="'.$prod_img.'" target="_blank">         <img src="'.$prod_img_thumb.'" width="'.$new_width.'" height="'.$new_height.'" border="0">     </a><br><br>     <a href="'.$prod_img.'"target="_blank">         <img src="'.$listthumb.'" width="'.$new_width2.'" height="'.$new_height2.'" border="0">     </a>     '; } } else{     echo '     <form method="POST" action="'.$_SERVER['PHP_SELF'].'" enctype="multipart/form-data">     <p><input type="file" name="image"></p>         <input type="Submit" name="Submit" value="Submit">     </form>'; } ?> [/code] I would appreciate any direction anyone can provide.